A Hundred Years of Invention - The First Computer

There's been a controversy in the computing worldprototype of a device being built at the Iowa State
when discussing what was the first computer invented.College called the Atanasoff-Berry Computer.
For years, the accepted pioneer of the digital age wasProfessor John Vincent Atanasoff and graduate
the ENIAC, short for Electronic Numerical Integratorstudent Cliff Berry began development on The ABC in
And Computer, perhaps because the story associated1937 and it continued to be developed until 1942 at the
with the development was one worthy for tabloidsIowa State College (now Iowa State University).
and television.Eventually, it could solve equations containing 29
As World War II was coming to a close, the Army hadvariables.
run short of mathematicians and were willing to recruitIn 1973, U.S. Federal Judge Earl R. Larson released his
women. Six women were accepted to work ondecision that the ENIAC patent by Mauchly and Eckert
"Project PX" at the University of Pennsylvania's Moorewas invalid and the ABC was actually the first
School of Electrical Engineering, under John Mauchlycomputer invented. However, the ABC was never fully
and J. Presper Eckert. The women's job was tofunctional, so the popular opinion to this day has the
program firing tables and ballistic trajectories usingENIAC as the first electronic computing device. The
ENIAC. Their work laid the groundwork forSmithsonian Institute's Museum of American History in
programming. The completed machine was unveiledWashington displays most of what remains of the
on Feb. 14, 1946 at the University of Pennsylvania. TheENIAC, alongside bits of the ABC.
military had funded the cost of almost $500,000. ItHowever, there's another twist to this tale. The most
occupied about 1,800 square feet and used aboutbasic computer is an electronic device designed to
18,000 vacuum tubes, weighing almost 50 tons. It isaccept data, perform prescribed mathematical and
widely considered to be the first computer invented,logical operations and display the results. Germany's
considering its highly functional status through the lateKonrad Zuse created what was essentially the first
1950s.programmable calculator in the mid-1930s in his parent's
However, its "first" status was challenged in courtliving room. Zuse's Z1 had 64-word memory and a
when Rand Corp. bought the ENIAC patent andclock speed of 1 Hz. Programming the the Z1 required
started charging royalties. Honeywell Inc. refused tothe user to insert tape into a punch tape reader and
pay and challenged the patent in 1967. It was learnedthen receive his results through a punch tape dispenser
that Mauchly, one of the leaders of the Project PX at- making it possibly the first computer invented.
the University of Pennsylvania, had seen an early